À¦°óSMÉçÇø

Dernières mises à jour en lien avec la COVID-19 disponibles ici.
Latest information about COVID-19 available here.

Major Concentration Hispanic Studies (36 credits)

Note: This is the 2020–2021 eCalendar. Update the year in your browser's URL bar for the most recent version of this page, or .

Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures     Degree: Bachelor of Arts

Program Requirements

The Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures – Hispanic Studies offers courses in the literature, intellectual history, and civilization of Spain and Latin America, as well as in the Spanish language. The Department's undergraduate and graduate programs are committed to expanding the liberal arts background of students by helping to develop the skills of communication and critical reasoning, and by providing insight into the culture of other regional, linguistic, and national groups. Enrichment in these areas reduces provincialism and broadens intellectual horizons, regardless of the professional interests or fields of specialization that may guide students in other facets of their university education.

À¦°óSMÉçÇø has bilateral exchange agreements with the Universidad de Salamanca (Spain), the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and the Universidad de las Américas, Puebla (Mexico), as well as with other leading universities in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking world which allow student and faculty exchanges, and other collaborative ventures. Further information about these exchanges may be obtained from the Department or from the International Education website.

Complementary Courses

36 credits selected as follows:

Language and Civilization

0-18 credits in Language and Civilization from:

  • HISP 210D1 Spanish Language: Beginners (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A comprehensive first-level course focusing on all oral and written skills. An introduction to the fundamentals of Spanish grammar and syntax and to Hispanic culture.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Chamanadjian, Lucia; Amores, Jerikho Ezzekiel; Ruckenstein, Samantha; Lopez Meneses, Zyanya (Fall)

  • HISP 210D2 Spanish Language: Beginners (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : See HISP 210D1 for course description.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Chamanadjian, Lucia; Oviedo, Mary; Amores, Jerikho Ezzekiel; Ruckenstein, Samantha; Lopez Meneses, Zyanya (Winter)

  • HISP 218 Spanish Language Intensive - Elementary (6 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A comprehensive first-level course focusing upon all oral and written skills. An introduction to the fundamentals of Spanish grammar and syntax and to Hispanic culture.

    Terms: Fall 2020, Winter 2021

    Instructors: Mascaro, Maria Teresa; Chamanadjian, Lucia; Guimont, Anny; Barriales Bouche, Alejandra (Fall) Guimont, Anny; Chamanadjian, Lucia; Barriales Bouche, Alejandra (Winter)

    • Fall or Winter

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 210 or 210D1/D2 or equivalent

  • HISP 219 Spanish Language Intensive - Intermediate (6 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A thorough review of Spanish grammar with emphasis upon current usage. Enrichment of all language skills, with a goal of proficiency in written and oral communication, through readings in the literature and civilization of Spain and Spanish America.

    Terms: Fall 2020, Winter 2021

    Instructors: Mascaro, Maria Teresa; Chamanadjian, Lucia (Fall) Mascaro, Maria Teresa; Chamanadjian, Lucia (Winter)

    • Fall or Winter

    • Prerequisite: HISP 210 or 210D1/D2 or HISP 218 or equivalent

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 220D1/D2 or equivalent

  • HISP 220D1 Spanish Language: Intermediate (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A thorough review of Spanish grammar with emphasis upon current usage. Enrichment of all language skills, with a goal of proficiency in written and oral communication, through readings in the literature and civilization of Spain and Spanish America.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Chamanadjian, Lucia; Barriales Bouche, Alejandra; Kobek, Patricio; Ostrom, Timothy (Fall)

  • HISP 220D2 Spanish Language: Intermediate (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A thorough review of Spanish grammar with emphasis upon current usage. Enrichment of all language skills, with a goal of proficiency in written and oral communication, through readings in the literature and cultural aspects of Spain and Spanish America.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Chamanadjian, Lucia; Barriales Bouche, Alejandra; Kobek, Patricio; Ostrom, Timothy (Winter)

  • HISP 225 Hispanic Civilization 1 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A survey of historical and cultural elements which constitute the background of the Hispanic world up to the 18th century; a survey of the pre-Columbian indigenous civilizations (Aztec, Maya and Inca) and the conquest of America.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Jouve-Martin, Jose (Fall)

    • Fall

    • Taught in English

  • HISP 226 Hispanic Civilization 2 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A survey of the constitution of the ideological and political structures of the Spanish Empire in both Europe and America until the Wars of Independence; a survey of the culture and history of the Hispanic people from the early 19th Century to the present.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Jouve-Martin, Jose (Winter)

    • Winter

    • Taught in English

Survey of Literature

6 - 12 credits in Survey of Literature from:

300-Level or Above Hispanic Literature

12-30 credits in Hispanic literature at the 300 level or above, of which at least 6 credits must be in literature of the pre-1800 period, from:

  • HISP 320 Contemporary Brazilian Literature and Film (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : This course introduces students to Brazilian literature and film from the early 20th century to the present day. Students will examine literary works and films from a historical perspective, studying the social, political and regional processes in which they are embedded. From the barren Northeast, to an analysis of gender and race, to urban violence and its manifestations to the contemporary cityscape, this course covers a range of visual and textual material. Students will engage works from major Brazilian authors and filmmakers in conjunction with theoretical texts to better understand some of the main developments in contemporary cultural production.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Raynor, Cecily (Winter)

    • Course taught in English.

  • HISP 321 Hispanic Literature of the 18th Century (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A critical study of neo-classical drama and poetry; satirical prose; Jovellanos, Iriarte, Moratín and others.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 324 20th Century Drama (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Satirical drama and theatre of social protest. Literatura comprometida. García Lorca and Casona; Buero Vallejo, Sastre, Olmo, Muñiz, Arrabal and others.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 325 Spanish Novel of the 19th Century (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : The Romantic, Realist and Naturalist novel in Spain, with special emphasis on the development of the Spanish novel in relation to contemporary trends in other European countries.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 325

  • HISP 326 Spanish Romanticism (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : The aesthetic and historical development of Romanticism, with special emphasis on lyric poetry and drama.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Perez-Magallon, Jesus (Winter)

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 327 Literature of Ideas: Spain (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Critical reading and discussion of works of outstanding thinkers as a key to understanding the development of social forces and institutions.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 328 Literature of Ideas: Latin America (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Critical reading and discussion of works of outstanding thinkers as a key to understanding the cultural development of a continent.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 332 Latin American Literature of 19th Century (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : An intensive study of representative authors from the period of Independence to the advent of Modernism.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 333 Theatre, Performance and Politics in Latin America (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of the outstanding works of the theatre from the colonial period to the present, including pre-Columbian works.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor.

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 340 Latin American Cinema (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of representative films, directors and movements of the region. Topic specified by instructor.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 341 Spanish Cinema (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of representative films, directors and movements of the region. Topic specified by instructor.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Ceia, Vanessa (Fall)

  • HISP 345 Contemporary Hispanic Cultural Studies (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : This course examines contemporary Hispanic Cultural Studies looking at both cultural artifacts and diverse theoretical and methodological approaches. In doing so, it will introduce students to the frameworks necessary for approaching contemporary culture in the Hispanic World. The course will be mindful of issues including ideology, class, race, ethnicity and sexuality. Students will come into contact with the major cultural theorists in the Hispanic World and those issues pertinent to the study of culture.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Raynor, Cecily (Fall)

  • HISP 347 Queer Iberia (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : This course explores queerness as identity, aesthetics, and theory in Iberian society and culture—literary, visual, audial, and digital. Readings will include cultural texts, performances, theoretical works by major queer and gender theorists, and case studies. The goal of this course is for students to gain a critical understanding of queerness as form, theory, and practice, through the lens of Iberian cultural production.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 350 Spanish Literature from 1898 to the Civil War (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : An examination of the cultural background of genre developments in prose, fiction, drama, and poetry by representative authors of the Generation of 1898 and the Generation of 1927 in Spain up to the end of the Spanish Civil War.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 349 or HISP 350 (prior to January 2005).

  • HISP 352 Latin American Novel (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Critical reading and discussion of contemporary Spanish-American fiction writers.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Macchi, Maria (Winter)

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor.

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 355 Contemporary Spanish Literature and Culture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : An interdisciplinary study of the literary, visual, and digital cultures of contemporary Spain, particularly in its post-authoritarian era (since 1975). Students will also be exposed to critical theory and social and political debates relevant to the course material and its context.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 356 Latin American Short Story (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Study of style, tendencies and types as reflected in the evolution of this genre, and seen against the background of a developing continent.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Jouve-Martin, Jose (Fall)

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 357 Latin American Digital Literature and Culture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : This course will examine digital cultural production in Latin America from 1990 to the present day. This course introduces students to theoretical frameworks necessary for approaching new media and web-based cultural artifacts, both literary and visual. Students will come into contact with the major writers, artists and web-based cultural producers in Latin America and issues pertinent to the study of the Web in the region.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 358 Gender and Textualities (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Historical development and literary tendencies regarding gender and sexuality in Hispanic literature, film, and culture.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Holmes, Amanda (Fall)

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor.

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 425 Topics in Hispanic and Lusophone Visual Cultures (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Specific topics of interest in Hispanic and Lusophone Visual Cultures. The course may focus on a particular geographic region, author, genre, theme, or issue relevant to the visual cultures (film, art, photography, graphic arts) of Spain, Latin America, and Spanish-speaking Africa.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 432 Literature - Discovery and Exploration Spain New World (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of the primary literary and intellectual developments stemming from Spain's discovery of the Americas. Special attention will be given to the changing perception of the New World's natural resources and indigenous peoples as this is reflected in the literature of the period.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 438 Topics: Spanish Literature (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Specific topics of interest in Spanish literature.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 439 Topics: Latin American Literature (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Specific topics of interest in Spanish-American literature.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor.

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 453 20th Century Latin American Poetry (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of representative trends and authors (Darío, Martí, Huidobro, Mistral, Vallejo, Neruda, Paz).

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 454 Major Figures: Spanish Literature and Culture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Specific figures of interest in Spanish literature.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 455 Major Figures: Latin American Literature and Culture (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Specific figures of interest in Spanish-American literature.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 505 Seminar in Hispanic Studies 01 (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A team-taught seminar examining major issues in Hispanic letters that transcend national literatures and historical periods. Although the specific topics will vary, each will address broad questions of a diachronic nature, thereby permitting an understanding of literary schools and movements, genres or ideologies present throughout the Hispanic world.

    Terms: Fall 2020

    Instructors: Holmes, Amanda (Fall)

    • Winter

    • Taught in Spanish

Pre-1800 Literature

At least 6 credits from:

  • HISP 432 Literature - Discovery and Exploration Spain New World (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of the primary literary and intellectual developments stemming from Spain's discovery of the Americas. Special attention will be given to the changing perception of the New World's natural resources and indigenous peoples as this is reflected in the literature of the period.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

  • HISP 437 Colonial / Postcolonial Latin America (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A study of the dialogue between colonial and postcolonial Latin American texts and theories.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

  • HISP 451 Don Quixote (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : Course on the canonical work by Cervantes, Don Quixote. The course will focus on the first modern novel as well as on a number of critical readings.

    Terms: Winter 2021

    Instructors: Perez-Magallon, Jesus (Winter)

  • HISP 458 Golden Age Literature: Renaissance (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A comprehensive examination of the poetry, prose and drama of the Renaissance in Spain through representative authors.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Fall

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor. Note: Course taught in Spanish.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 421, 458 or 460 prior to September 2004

  • HISP 460 Golden Age Literature: Baroque (3 credits)

    Offered by: Languages,Literatures,Cultures (Faculty of Arts)

    Overview

    Hispanic Studies (Arts) : A comprehensive examination of the poetry, prose and drama of the Baroque period in Spain through representative authors.

    Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2020-2021 academic year.

    • Winter

    • Prerequisite: Successful completion of any Survey of Literature (HISP 241, HISP 242, HISP 243, HISP 244) or permission of the instructor.

    • Restriction: Not open to students who have taken HISP 421, 458 or 460 prior to September 2004.

    • Given in alternate years.

    • Note: Course taught in Spanish.

Note: No more than 12 credits in courses taught in English shall count towards the Major.

Faculty of Arts—2020-2021 (last updated Mar. 27, 2020) (disclaimer)
Back to top