This article was first published in聽
I like to collect interesting items, so when I came across an ad for an 鈥渁ssassin鈥檚 teapot鈥� that promised to pour different liquids from the same spout, I just had to have it. The ceramic teapot arrived with a compelling story about assassinations carried out in ancient China. The assassin would pour identical-looking beverages for themselves and for their victim, with only the victim being poisoned when the drinks were consumed.
I had an idea of the workings of the teapot because of my interest in the history of conjuring. I was familiar with the classic illusion of the 鈥渋nexhaustible bottle.鈥�
Let me take you back to a street corner in London sometime in the 17th century. A skeptical crowd has gathered to see if a performer can deliver on his promise of pouring whatever drink is asked for 鈥� be it whisky, wine or beer 鈥� from the small barrel he holds in his hands. And the conjuror delivers! Spectators approach, and each one is poured the drink they ask for. The trick, with a bottle instead of the barrel, would be repeated over the years by numerous magicians and came to be known as the 鈥渋nexhaustible bottle.鈥�
The construction of the original gimmicked barrel was first described in a pamphlet by an unknown author, published in 1635 with the title Hocus Pocus Junior: The Anatomie of Legerdemain. The principle behind the trick has been noted by anyone who has ever sucked up a liquid with a straw and prevented it from escaping by placing a finger over the straw. As the top of the liquid drops slightly, it creates a vacuum above it, with the result that the air pressure at the bottom of the straw is greater than the pressure at the top and the liquid stays in place. Releasing the finger allows the liquid to be dispensed.
The gimmicked barrel had three separate chambers inside, each one equipped with a pipe that connected to the opening from which the liquid would be poured. Each chamber also had a small air hole; placing fingers over two of these holes allowed liquid to be poured from the third chamber through its connecting pipe.
Later, when the barrel was replaced by bottles, the effect became even more spectacular, with even more beverages from which to choose. Like the barrel, these bottles had multiple chambers and multiple holes that could be covered with fingers. Audiences were truly amazed, with most spectators unaware of the science behind the effect. They were convinced that they had seen real magic. And performers were often reluctant to burst that balloon, because it heightened interest in their act.
Back then, just as today, there were scientifically minded individuals who were concerned about the gullibility of the public. At a gathering of some distinguished Englishmen in 1749, the Duke of Montagu, who apparently had a history of being a practical joker, came up with a suggestion to demonstrate how some people would believe the unbelievable.
鈥淚 will wager,鈥� the duke reportedly said, 鈥渢hat let a man advertise the most impossible thing in the world, he will find fools enough in London to fill a playhouse and pay handsomely for the privilege of being there.鈥�
To prove his point, the duke came up with what would go down in history as the Bottle Jumping Hoax. Ads in newspapers advertised a performance that would take place on Jan. 16, 1749 at the New Theatre in Haymarket, in which a conjuror would jump into an ordinary wine bottle. The bottle would then be passed around for all to view that he was inside. As one might expect, the ad generated much excitement and when the appointed showtime arrived, the theatre was stuffed to the rafters. But there was a problem: The performer had not arrived.
As minutes passed, the crowd grew more and more restless. Soon, there was the stomping of feet and catcalls filled the air. When an announcement was made that money would be refunded if the performer did not appear in 15 minutes, the crowd went wild. Someone threw a lit candle on the stage and triggered a riot in which seats were ripped from the floor, curtains were torn down and everything that could be carried from the theatre was piled outside and burned in a giant bonfire. Miraculously, there were no reports of injuries.
Why had the performer not appeared? One newspaper doubled down on demonstrating public gullibility by printing a story about how the 鈥渂ottle conjuror鈥� was on his way to the performance on the fateful evening, but met up with a gentleman who offered a tidy sum for a private view. The conjuror agreed and jumped into the bottle, at which point the gentleman corked the bottle and made off with it. According to the article, the man later realized that so many people had been disappointed by not seeing the conjuror jump into the bottle that he would, at a date to be announced in the paper, uncork the bottle and give people the pleasure of seeing the conjuror jump out of it.
Needless to say, there was no jumping into or out of any bottle. But the Bottle Jumping Hoax serves as an effective demonstration of the lack of critical thinking, and how people can be goaded into believing the unbelievable. How could anyone believe a man could jump into a bottle? Yet many did. That proposition could not pass muster today (hopefully), but the internet is full of promises to magically cure cancer with a host of substances available in all sorts of bottles. There is no shortage of desperate people willing to jump into these bottles.
When my assassin鈥檚 teapot arrived, it did indeed live up to its promise. After it was visibly filled with water, blue, green or yellow liquid could be poured from its spout. All that was needed was some food dye and the ingenious covering with fingers of holes hidden in the handle of the teapot. As far as the story of the teapot being used for assassinations in ancient China goes, well, it鈥檚 a good yarn to spin while performing the magic trick.
