Social isolation causing psychological distress among university students
Surprisingly, university students without pre-existing mental health concerns seem to be suffering greater psychological distress during the pandemic than their peers with pre-existing mental health problems according to a study of close to 800 university students in Toronto carried out by researchers from 捆绑SM社区 and University of Toronto.
鈥淚t is unexpected and counterintuitive,鈥� says Nancy Heath, a professor in the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology at 捆绑SM社区 and a co- author on the paper that was published today in Canadian Psychology. 鈥淲e all expected that those 鈥榓t risk鈥� due to prior mental health difficulties would be the most vulnerable to the COVID-19 stressors. However, those university students without mental health concerns are consistently and significantly more negatively impacted by COVID-19. Our explanation is that social isolation is hitting those without prior mental health difficulties much harder.鈥�
Weathering the loneliness of social isolation
The study compared the results of two surveys of close to 800 students, who answered questions online about their mental health and wellbeing, initially in May 2019, and then again in May 2020. 74% of the students were female, 25% were male and 1% were other. Their average age was 18. The survey questions were designed to elicit information about a range of areas including recent stressful experiences, social support, depressive symptoms, difficulties in emotional regulation, non-suicidal self-injury, symptoms of anxiety along and alcohol dependence, among other subjects.
Analyses for mental health indicators after the survey in May 2020 showed that among students with pre-existing mental health concerns, there had been decreased levels of stress, sadness, depressive symptoms, anxiety and perceived burdensomeness over time. In contrast, students without pre-existing mental health concerns showed increasing stress, sadness, depressive symptoms, anxiety and burdensomeness over time.
鈥淭hose with previous mental health difficulties showed either little change or even improvements,鈥� said Dr. Chloe Hamza from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and the first author on the study. 鈥淚t seems that what is likely to be contributing to this, is that for those without mental health difficulties before the pandemic, COVID-19 resulted in them having greater social isolation AND social isolation was a significant contributor to their poor mental health outcomes after the beginning of the pandemic. But those with prior mental health difficulties were more likely to have the same or better social circumstances post-COVID-19 than they did before it. In effect, by being isolated pre-COVID, those with prior mental health difficulties were well positioned to weather COVID-19!鈥�
A need for support for students both with and without mental health challenges
鈥淥ur findings underscore the fact that universities will need to continue to support the ongoing needs of students with pre-existing mental health challenges,鈥� adds Heath. 鈥淗owever, our findings suggest that universities should also prioritize developing early intervention and prevention programming for students for whom the pandemic may be particularly challenging, such as students who are beginning to show declining mental health in response to increasing social isolation.鈥�
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To read 鈥淲hen social isolation is nothing new: Psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without pre-existing mental health concerns鈥� by C. Hamza et al in Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie canadienne
dx.doi.org/10.1037/cap0000255
About 捆绑SM社区
Founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1821, 捆绑SM社区 is Canada鈥檚 top ranked medical doctoral university. 捆绑SM社区 is consistently ranked as one of the top universities, both nationally and internationally. It is a world-renowned institution of higher learning with research activities spanning two campuses, 11 faculties, 13 professional schools, 300 programs of study and over 40,000 students, including more than 10,200 graduate students. 捆绑SM社区 attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, its 12,800 international students making up 31% of the student body. Over half of 捆绑SM社区 students claim a first language other than English, including approximately 19% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.
