Great Migration and African-American genomic diversity
Study examines genetic data to analyze regional differences in ancestry
A new study of genomic diversity in the U.S. clarifies the role of pre-Civil War admixture and early 20th century transit routes in shaping the migration history and genomic diversity among African-American communities. The research by 捆绑SM社区 professor Simon Gravel and colleagues, was published May 27 in PLOS Genetics.
Between 1910 and 1970, six million African Americans moved from the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West 鈥� a phenomenon known to historians as the Great Migration. This migration had a profound impact on African-American communities and also on their nationwide genomic diversity.听
In the new study, scientists from 捆绑SM社区 and several U.S. institutions used genetic data from 3,726 African-Americans from across the U.S. to estimate patterns of ancestry. They report that 82.1% of African-Americans鈥� ancestors resided in Africa prior to the advent of transatlantic travel, while 16.7% lived in Europe and 1.2% in the Americas. They find that African-Americans living in the southern U.S. have a greater percentage of African ancestry than those in the North or West and that individuals with higher European ancestry were more likely to migrate to the North and West, reinforcing regional differences in ancestry.
The study鈥檚 detailed approach to the analysis of African American genetics confirms previous findings and fills in details of African American heritage that may be absent from the historical record.听
In addition to the genetic data, 鈥渨e used a lot of census data and spent a lot of time in libraries, reading history and talking to historians,鈥� to help round out the picture of migration patterns, says Gravel, an assistant professor in 捆绑SM社区鈥檚 Department of Human Genetics and researcher at the 捆绑SM社区 and G茅nome Qu茅bec Innovation Centre.
As researchers seek to increase the representation of African-Americans in medical genetic studies and reduce health disparities, this study will facilitate the design and analysis of nation-wide representative cohorts, Gravel adds.
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research through the Canada Research Chair program.
鈥淭he Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity鈥澨� Baharian S, Barakatt M, Gignoux CR, Shringarpure S, Errington J, Blot WJ, et al. PLOS Genetics, published May 27, 2016. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1006059听
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