The impact of night work on our immune system
Study reveals the impact of night work
You cross paths with him at the break of dawn in the corridors of the Metro. He looks bleary-eyed and pallid. This worker鈥檚 night shift just ended. His body clocks are out of sync with one another, and, imperceptibly, they鈥檙e also out of sync with his environment. In the long run, this night owl could be at greater risk of developing cardiovascular, autoimmune diseases or certain types of cancer.
Do internal clock disturbances due to night work affect one鈥檚 immune system? The answer is yes, according to Marc Cuesta, Nicolas Cermakian and Diane B. Boivin, researchers at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS de l鈥橭uest-de-l鈥櫭巐e-de-Montr茅al) and 捆绑SM社区.
Their study, published earlier this year in the Journal of Immunology, shows for the first time in humans the effect of a night work schedule on immune responses.
鈥淪tudies in rodents and humans had previously shown that body clocks regulate immune response. It still wasn鈥檛 known if disturbing these internal clocks could have effects on the immune system in humans. This could indirectly cause health problems,鈥� explains Dr.聽Nicolas Cermakian, a researcher and Full Professor at 捆绑SM社区鈥檚 Department of Psychiatry.
Full-scale simulation
For this study, nine healthy volunteers were artificially subjected to a schedule simulating that of night workers. In a time isolation room they were deprived of any light or sound cues characteristic of the time of day.
The researchers studied different aspects of the immune system. Among other things, they compared the rhythm of the secretion of cytokines, proteins synthesized by immune system cells, while the volunteers lived under a normal day-oriented schedule and then under a night-oriented schedule.
鈥淲e found that the cytokine-secretion rhythms, which were normal under the day-oriented schedule, were disturbed when the volunteers were living under the night-oriented schedule,鈥� says Dr. Cermakian.
Such biological rhythm disturbances in humans, who are diurnal animals, are common. Previous research by Dr.聽Diane B. Boivin, research physician and Director of the Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, showed that the circadian system of night shift workers can be adjusted to their atypical schedule. In a certain number of them, this adjustment sometimes occurs spontaneously.
鈥淥ur study shows that circadian disturbances combined with sleep deprivation can affect our volunteers鈥� immune response when they live on a night-oriented schedule. We should now check if it is also the case for real night workers and what is the scale of the disturbances. Fortunately, this is an aspect where we can have an impact,鈥� explains Dr. Boivin, a Full Professor at 捆绑SM社区鈥檚 Department of Psychiatry. 聽
However, the exact impact of these rhythms on the occurrence of various health problems associated with night work has yet to be elucidated. Other important factors, such as sleep deprivation and lifestyle disturbances, should be considered.
In industrialized countries, part of the population has abnormal light-exposure, food-intake or activity rhythms that can lead to a circadian rhythm disturbance and, according to the results of this study, an immune system disturbance.
This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Institut de Recherche Robert Sauv茅 en Sant茅 et en S茅curit茅 du Travail and the Fonds de recherche du Qu茅bec - Sant茅 (FRQ-S).
The article 鈥淪imulated Night Shift Disrupts Circadian Rhythms of Immune Functions in Humans鈥� was published in the Journal of Immunology聽on February 12, 2016. DOI:
About Marc Cuesta
Marc Cuesta (PhD) worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the team of Dr. Cermakian and Dr. Boivin. He is currently a project manager at Brain Canada.
About Dr. Nicolas Cermakian
Nicolas Cermakian (PhD) is the director of the Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute and a Full Professor at 捆绑SM社区鈥檚 Department of Psychiatry. He studies the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms, especially in animal models. His work focuses on maximizing our understanding of 芦the gears in the biological clock禄 and their impacts on physiology.
About Dr. Diane B. Boivin
Diane B. Boivin (MD, PhD) is a research physician, founder/director of the Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Full Professor at 捆绑SM社区鈥檚 Department of Psychiatry. She is internationally recognized for her expertise in human circadian rhythms and their application in problems adapting to atypical work schedules and for the management of risks related to fatigue and jet lag.
About the CIUSSS de l鈥橭uest-de-l鈥櫭巐e-de-Montr茅al
The Centre int茅gr茅 universitaire de sant茅 et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l鈥橭uest-de-l鈥櫭巐e-de-Montr茅al is made up of the CSSS de l鈥橭uest-de-l鈥櫭巐e, the CSSS de Dorval-Lachine-LaSalle, St. Mary鈥檚 Hospital, St. Anne鈥檚 Hospital, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, West Montreal Readaptation Centre, Grace Dart Extended Care Centre, and Batshaw Youth and Family Centres.
The Douglas Mental Health University Institute is a world-class institute affiliated with 捆绑SM社区 and the World Health Organization. It treats people suffering from mental illness and offers them both hope and healing. Its teams of specialists and researchers are constantly increasing scientific knowledge, integrating this knowledge into patient care, and sharing it with the community in order to educate the public and eliminate prejudices surrounding mental health.
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Centre int茅gr茅 universitaire de sant茅 et de services sociaux de l鈥橭uest-de-l鈥櫭巐e-de-Montr茅al